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KMID : 0384320030240040375
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Korean Journal of Family Medicine
2003 Volume.24 No. 4 p.375 ~ p.383
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The Validity of a Questionnaire on Juvenile Smoking Status through Urine Nicotine Detection
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Shim Su-Jung
Seo Hong-Gwan
Kim Cheol-Hwan
Lee Sung-Hee
Kim Youn-Jin
Park Min-Sun
Shin Yoo-Cheol
Jung Eun-Jung
Kim Hyeon-Ju
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Abstract
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Background: In comparison to the decreasing smoking rate of adults, the smoking rate in adolescents and women is still increasing worldwide including Korea. Previous studies on the smoking rate of adolescents were done by questionnaires allowing bias in their response because of smoking ban among adolescents in Korea. In order to know the actual smoking rate of Korean adolescents, we performed an objective study using urine nicotine detection.
Methods: From April to July 2002, 306 boy´s high school students and 325 girl´s high school students in Seoul were included for this study. We obtained self-reported questionnaire from them and assessed urine nicotine level by NicCheck I Test Strip to check their actual smoking status.
Results: The current smoking rate of male students by self-reported questionnaire was 14.9%, 20.4%, 22.5%, respectively and that by detection of urine nicotine was 26.6%, 38.0%, 29.6%, respectively, in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. The current smoking rate of female students by self-reported questionnaire was 22.6%, 23.9%, respectively and that by detection of urine nicotine was 46.6%, 35.4%, respectively in the 2nd and 3rd grade. The Kappa index of the questionnaire results was 0.27, 0.46, 0.75, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade male students and 0.33, 0.44, respectively in the 2nd and 3rd grade female students respectively.
Conclusion: The smoking rate of students by detection of urine nicotine was higher than that of the self-reported questionnaire results. The validity of the questionnaire results was more accurate in males than females, and higher grade than lower grade. The self-reported questionnaire was an insufficient tool for evaluation of adolescents´ smoking status, especially in female students and lower grade students.
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KEYWORD
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adolescents, smoking rate, urine nicotine
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